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I don’t have any hands-on experience with those, and I’m not sure what they require in terms of power or what their capabilities are, but that’s good to know that the camera was working before. 
If you’re unsure of whether or not the chime works at all, then that should be an easy test. With power on at the transformer (breaker on) and the correct red wire attached to the chime’s TRANS terminal, you could briefly touch the white wire from the same jacket to the chime’s FRONT terminal. That would also be one way to determine which jacketed pair is coming from the transformer and which is coming from the doorbell button location, and it’s important to be certain of which is which because of the way Chime Controller works. (Ask me how I know. 
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I don’t know anything about that particular model, but the photos are very helpful! That seems like a pretty typical mechanical chime.
It could be almost anywhere, including in the wall directly behind the chime. Other common places would typically be adjacent to your main circuit breaker panel, in a mechanical/storage room (where mine is, near the furnace), or in a closet, perhaps near the front door. I’ve seen some Forum users report that their transformers are in their attics.
That seems low, and that may be the main problem and why you’re seeing the status light behavior that you’re reporting. Video Doorbell v2 wants to see 16-24 V AC. As a point of comparison, my transformer is rated 16 V, 10 VA, and I have consistently seen in excess of 18 V AC when measuring with a digital multimeter at both the transformer and the doorbell button’s wiring location.
If you’re able, I’d be inclined to track that down and figure out what its rating and measured voltage at the transformer are. I wouldn’t expect the measurement at the transformer itself to differ significantly between the transformer’s terminals and the button location’s wires, but if you see something like that then I’d wonder about an issue in the wiring.
- The first one just looks like you’re bypassing the chime because of the way you have the home’s white wires nutted together and the home’s red wires nutted together.
- The second one shows the wiring diagram that’s typical for this type of mechanical chime. Mine shows something similar. It also shows that it expects to see a transformer that’s “16V 10VA” connected in its circuit. That’s what I’d want to find to check its rating and test.
- The third one looks like what I would expect to see for a properly-wired Chime Controller, and I would expect that to work if at least two other conditions are being met:
- Your transformer power is adequate.
- You’re absolutely certain that the red house wire attached to TRANS is coming from the transformer wiring jacket.
Thank you again for the photos!
Regarding point 3.2, if that red wire connected to the chime’s TRANS terminal is coming from the doorbell button wiring jacket, then I think you’re apt to have the same chime issues I used to have before I figured out that my mechanical chime was wired incorrectly prior to my moving into this house. Once I figured that out and got the correct wire connected to TRANS, that resolved my problem, and I’ve had consistently good doorbell performance since then.
That should be correct for what you’re showing here. You could try setting Doorbell Chime Type in the app to Digital as advised in a Help Center troubleshooting article, but I wouldn’t expect that to resolve your issue.
If you know that the wiring is correct, then you could also try the alternate wiring scheme for Chime Controller, but that wouldn’t be my first choice because of the noises that I experienced when I tried that (as I noted in my previous post). I’d be more interested in finding the transformer to determine its rating and measured voltage and to confirm that one of the wires from that is actually connected to your chime’s TRANS terminal. Given the information you’ve shared so far, I suspect that you might want a transformer replacement if everything else is wired correctly so far. That’s what I imagine a subsequent step might be, but I’d really want to confirm information about the transformer and wiring first.
I hope this is helpful. I don’t know what your experience is with these kinds of things, so I don’t know what your comfort level is with any of this, and I’m by no means an expert, but I enjoy trying to help and answer questions about these when I can.